Moreover, the handsets with built-in antennas (internal antenna) have different SAR values than those of handsets with external antennas. The SAR values also depend on the antenna geometry and the radiated characteristics. The SAR values may vary due to the variation in EM source geometry, frequency of operation, properties of the body tissues, and the medium between source and human body.
2.4 ghz metamaterial cst microwave studio portable#
Therefore, many research groups are going to bring down the SAR of the various portable devices. Another authoritative body, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), determine the SAR safe limit of 1.6 W/kg over 1 g of body tissue. This regulatory body issued the standard SAR limit of 2 W/kg over 10 g of body tissue. The authoritative body that regulates the dose metric of the safe SAR absorbed in a human is the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The mass measured for SAR evaluation corresponds to a mass of 1 g or a mass of 10 g of body tissue. The EM absorption in the human head from the radiated antenna on a mobile phone is measured in terms of the SAR, which is defined as the power absorbed by a unit mass of body tissue. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) ruled out the possibility that radiation from a mobile phone could cause cancer in the user. Either short term effects or long term effects may be caused by exposure to EM energy during cell phone use. Recently, the biological effects of electromagnetic (EM) energy radiated from cell phone antennas have attracted interest in the research community, because such devices are used in close proximity to the human head. The most essential component of a cell phone is the antenna, which transmits and receives electromagnetic waves. Antenna operated in both LH and RH RAD.Currently, cellular phones represent an indispensable part of modern life. Backward-wave Antenna Based on NRI L-C Networks Antenna Configuration backward.LHM(Left Handed Material) Negative Permeability and Permittivity Negative Refractive Index(NRI) - RHM : support propagating forward wave ⇒ positive refractive angle - LHM : support propagating backward wave ⇒ negative refractive angle 14 Double negative index material (Metamaterial) - Property of double negative index material RHM(Right Handed Material) Positive Permeability and Permittivity Positive Refractive Index(PRI).Printed Monopole for 2.4/5.2/5.8GHz WLAN operation The radiation pattern of the FSS composite at 12.75 GHzĬrosstalk of UTP(unshielded Twisted Pairs) line UTP line A Unit cell of UTPĬrosstalk of UTP(unshielded Twisted Pairs) line Obtain of unit length Using MWSĬompact aperture coupled antenna by using shorting wall The radiation pattern of the FSS composite at 11.9 GHz Dual band dual polarized directivity enhancement can be obtained from the strip mesh FSS composite 6.From the results of the unit cell, we can design the FSS composite.3Ī compact EBG superstrate for wideband directivityįield distribution of EBG superstrate depending on their size 4ĭual band dual polarized 11x11 strip-mesh FSS composite yĭual-band and dual-polarization 11x11strip-mesh FSS composite 5ĭual band dual polarized 11x11 strip-mesh FSS compositeĭirectivity results of strip-mesh FSS composite 2Ģ0dB directivity enhancement at the desired dual band can be achieved by using a dielectric rod superstrate with two defects. We can estimate the center frequency of the directivity enhancement from the simulation results of the unit cell, without simulating the entire structure. Double negative index material (Metamaterial) 1Įlectromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Superstrates for Dual-band Directivity Enhancement
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Recent research results by using CST microwave studio at Antenna Lab., POSTECH